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Power Programmierung
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Power-Programmierung CD 2 (Tewi)(1994).iso
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q&a.txt
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1994-01-18
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Common Questions.
Q: My S3 or Mach32 card sometimes does weird things.
A: All 8514/A based cards (S3, ATI Ultra & Mach32) uses I/O addresses like
42E8h, BEE8h etc. If you have a Com4 installed (in fact any serial port at
2E8h, the serial ports are numbered as they are found in the order 3F8h,
2F8h, 3E8h, 2E8h) this will almost certainly cause problems, as most serial
and multi I/O adapters only decodes the lower 10 bits of the I/O address.
The first check is to run debug and type: d 0:400 and press the enter key.
Look at the first 8 two digit/letter combinations, if E8 02 appear here you
have a serial port at 2E8h. Start tearing cards out :-)
Type Q and press the enter key to leave debug.
Q: My video card should be able to do high resolutions and/or high refresh
rates, but I can't get them to work.
A: Many cards can be set up for the type of monitor they are attached to.
This setup can be stored in EEPROM, a configuration file or a register.
The monitor type is basically how high the line frequency can be.
If this is set too high the monitor may not sync, if it is too low the high
resolutions and/or high refresh rates may not be available.
ATI: The monitor type is stored in EEPROM. run the install/setup
utility
Primus: Run SETCRT n on startup (n = monitor type)
Cirrus: (54xx) Run CLMODE on startup
Tseng: Run the Vmode/Dmode.. utility on startup
Q: I think my video card can do Hi/True color, but it doesn't seem to work
A: The first requirement for HI/True color is a RAMDAC capable of this.
See the section on RAMDACs for names and some programming info.
Some cards have BIOSes with Hi/True color modes, but are sometimes shipped
with standard RAMDACs. If the RAMDAC is socketed an upgrade may be possible
Other cards have Hi/True color RAMDACs, but the BIOS support is shaky or
non existing. Check for a BIOS upgrade.
Many cards with Hi/True color capability ships with manuals which either
doesn't mention this at all or only briefly mentions the possibility.
Few, if any BIOSes support read/write pixels, textout or scroll in Hi/True
color modes (Ie. only INT 10h AH=00h and 0Fh supported).
Run WHATVGA to detect the DAC type, and if any Hi/True color modes are
known for your VGA chipset. You may want to inspect the RAMDAC directly, as
new types are constantly appearing and may not be detectable yet.
Q: What does all this about line frequencies and MHz, kHz and Hz have to do
with monitors ??
A: The dot frequency is the frequency of the pixels sent to the monitor. This
is in the MegaHertz (MHz) range.
The line frequency is the rate of scanlines sent to the monitor. Each scan
line is terminated by a horizontal sync pulse.
This is in the kiloHertz (kHz) range.
The frame rate is the frequency of images sent to the monitor. Each frame
is terminated by a vertical sync pulse.
This is in the Hertz (Hz) range.
For interlaced displays the frame rate is the rate of half-images (even and
odd scanlines are sent in each their own frame), so the rate of the full
image is only half the frame rate.
Generally:
dot freq = (pixels per line + Hsync time) * line freq
line freq = (lines + Vsync time) * frame rate
The Hsync and Vsync times indicates the time spent in horizontal and
vertical retrace (and any border area). Typically you can use 25%-30% of
the pixel number for Hsync and 5%-10% of the line number for Vsync, but
this can vary a lot.
Some typical frequencies:
Mode: Dot: Line: Frame:
Text 80x25 (8x14 cell) 25.175 MHz 31.5 kHz 70 Hz
Text 80x25 (9x16 cell) 28.322 MHz 31.5 kHz 70 Hz
Graphics 640x480 25.175 MHz 31.5 kHz 60 Hz
Graphics 800x600 36.000 MHz 34.5 kHz 56 Hz
do 50.350 MHz 48.5 kHz 72 Hz
Graphics 1024x768 44.900 MHz 35.5 kHz 86 Hz interlaced
do 65.000 MHz 48.5 kHz 60 Hz
do 80.000 MHz 58 kHz 72 Hz
Graphics 1280x1024 80.000 MHz 50.0 kHz 87 Hz interlaced
do 105.000 MHz 64 kHz 60 Hz
The most useful number is the line frequency, this defines what
resolutions the monitor can sync to.
Q: I have a video card you don't seem to cover, how can I help
Or I have some documentation/experience.....
A: I'm constantly looking for new material and always welcome contributions.
If you have original matarial such as datasheets/books or programmers refs,
and don't feel you have the time to enter it all yourself you are very
welcome to send a copy of the material to my surface mail address (see the
README file for the address). Full credit will of course be given.
If you have a video card that WHATVGA fails to identify, identifies more
or less incorrectly or fails to use correctly, I'm definitely interested.
Please read the WHATVGA.DOC file for some useful tests and ideas.
Generally I would recommand running WHATVGA in manual modes first to get a
feeling for the program and what works/don't work. Then run WHATVGA /a
and mail me the resulting WHVGAxx.TST file (preferably ZIPed or ARJed).
Remember to UUencode the file before sending it by E-mail.
Also find out as much as possible about your video card (which chipset,
which RAMDAC, howmuch video RAM..) as possible. Remember that many video
cards (even brand names) use chipsets from other manufacturers.